A Unit of Asian Institute of Gastroenterology
Clinical toxicology, a subset of clinical biochemistry, focuses on analyzing drugs, substances of abuse, heavy metals, volatile compounds, and other chemical agents present in bodily fluids to facilitate patient care. These analyses are crucial for diagnosing and managing acute drug overdoses, which represent clinical emergencies, as well as acute exposure to toxic chemicals.
The choice of analysis technique in clinical toxicology is determined by factors such as the purpose and scope of testing, the nature of the analyte, the clinical urgency, and the extent of documentation required. Techniques commonly employed include Gas chromatography, HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography), UPLC (Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography), mass spectrometry, biochemical assays, and immunoassays. The primary concern of clinical toxicology is understanding the harmful effects of chemicals on living organisms.
Therapeutic drug monitoring, another specialized field within toxicology, involves the rational administration of drug therapy for specific drug groups, accompanied by laboratory monitoring of drug concentrations based on clinical pharmacokinetic principles. Additional services provided by toxicological laboratories include compliance monitoring and testing for illicit drugs. This laboratory plays a critical role in diagnosing and managing patients during instances of acute drug overdose, clinical emergencies, and therapeutic drug monitoring.